Corn farmers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corn ranchers - Essay Example According to the law of interest and flexibly of financial matters, lesser interest of corn will push the cost of corn down ward to a degree with the goal that harmony sought after and gracefully comes to. Singular corn ranchers will along these lines face the condition of lesser requests then already what they had obliged. The market of corn can be expected as totally serious for the accompanying reasons. 1. There are huge makers and providers of corn in the market. It implies that every maker is excessively little contrasted with the whole market to impact cost by its own gracefully. 2. Corn Market has abundant providers with normalized items. Purchasers see them all indistinguishable. 3. Purchasers have impeccable data accessible about the costs of corn makers. 4. There are no access or leave obstructions for the organizations over the long haul; advertise is consistently open for rivalry for new providers. 5. The market is said to have reached in since quite a while ago show bala nce to 2014 and in a completely serious state as the minor firm makes an ordinary benefit over the long haul. Since market of corn is almost entirely serious, any decrease popular or increment in its gracefully will push the cost down ward in order to locate another harmony of interest and flexibly during 2016 and past. (Benevolently allude Appendix I) Above happening is limited by specific presumptions, which are identified according to the accompanying. a.

Coffee Shop Business Plan

Java Culture bistro is resolved to turn into a day by day need for neighborhood espresso addicts, a spot to dream of as you attempt to get away from the day by day worries of life and only an agreeable spot to meet your companions or to peruse a book, across the board. With the developing interest for top notch gourmet espresso and incredible assistance, Java Culture will gain by its closeness to the University of Oregon grounds to assemble a center gathering of rehash customers.Java Culture will offer its clients the best arranged espresso in the zone that will be commended with baked goods, just as free books that its supporters can peruse to make the most of their visit. The organization will work a 2,300 square foot coffeehouse inside a mobile good ways from the University of Oregon grounds. The proprietors have made sure about this area through a three-year rent with a possibility for broadening. The have additionally given $140,000 of the required $170,000 fire up reserves. The staying capital will be acquired through Bank of America business loans.The organization is required to develop deals income from $584,000 in FY2001 to $706,000 in year three. As Java Culture will endeavor to keep up a 65% gross overall revenue and sensible working costs, it will see net benefits develop from $100,000 to $125,000 during a similar period. 1. 1 Objectives Java Culture’s destinations for the main year of activities are: Become chosen as the â€Å"Best New Coffee Bar in the area† by the nearby eatery control. Divert in benefits from the main month of tasks. Keep up a 65% gross edge. 1. 2 Keys to Success The keys to progress will be:Store plan that will be both outwardly alluring to clients, and intended for quick and effective activities. Worker preparing to safeguard the best espresso arrangement strategies. Promoting methodologies planned to construct a strong base of faithful clients, just as amplifying the deals of high edge items, for example, coffee drinks. 1. 3 Mission Java Culture will put forth its best attempt to make a one of a kind spot where clients can associate with one another in an agreeable and loosening up condition while getting a charge out of the best fermented espresso or coffee and baked goods in town.We will be in the matter of helping our clients to diminish their every day worries by giving bit of psyche through incredible atmosphere, advantageous area, benevolent client support, and results of reliably high caliber. Java Culture will contribute its benefits to expand the representative fulfillment while giving stable come back to its investors. Organization Summary Java Culture, an Oregon constrained obligation organization, sells espresso, different drinks and snacks in its 2,300 square feet premium coffeehouse situated close to the University of Oregon campus.Java Culture’s significant financial specialists are Arthur Garfield and James Polk who in total own over 70% of the organization. The begi nning up loss of the organization is expected in the measure of $27,680. 2. 1 Company Ownership Java Culture is enrolled as a Limited Liability Corporation in the territory of Oregon. Arthur Garfield possesses 51% of the organization. His cousin, James Polk, just as Megan Flanigan and Todd Barkley hold minority stakes in Java Culture, LLC. 2. 2 Company Locations and Facilities Java Culture café will be situated on the ground floor of the business working at the side of West thirteenth Avenue and Patterson Street in Eugene, OR.The organization has made sure about a one-year rent of the empty 2,500 square feet premises recently involved just barely salon. The rent contract has an alternative of restoration for a long time at a fixed rate that Java Culture will execute contingent upon the monetary quality of its business. The floor plan will incorporate a 200 square feet back office and a 2,300 square feet café, which will incorporate a seating territory with 15 tables, a kitchen, st ockpiling zone and two bathrooms.The space in the bistro will be roughly appropriated the accompanying wayâ€1,260 square feet (I. e., 55% of the aggregate) for the seating territory, 600 square feet (26%) for the creation zone, and the staying 440 square feet (19%) for the client support region. This property is situated in a business region inside a mobile good ways from the University of Oregon grounds on the edge of a significant avenue associating prosperous South Eugene neighborhood with the bustling midtown business region. The monetarily zoned premises have the essential water and power hookups and will require just minor rebuilding to suit the coffee bar, kitchen and capacity area.The espresso bar’s open and clean inside plan with present day wooden stylistic theme will pass on the nature of the served refreshments and snacks, and will be in-accordance with the establishment’s situating as a varied spot where individuals can unwind and make the most of some espresso. The reasonable window shows, through which bystander will have the option to see clients making the most of their drinks, and outside electric signs will be expected to catch the eye of the client traffic. Items Java Culture will offer its clients the best tasting espresso drinks in the area.This will be accomplished by utilizing top notch fixings and carefully following planning rules. The store format, menu postings and advertising exercises will be centered around expanding the deals of higher edge coffee drinks. Alongside the coffee drinks, blended espresso and teas, just as some refreshment drinks, will be sold in the bistro. Java Culture will likewise offer its customers cakes, little servings of mixed greens and sandwiches. For the gourmet demographic that likes to set up its espresso at home, Java Culture will likewise be selling espresso beans.The menu contributions will be enhanced by free books and magazines that clients can peruse inside the bistro. 3. 1 Produc t Description The menu of the Java Culture coffeehouse will be worked around coffee based espresso beverages, for example, lattes, mochas, cappuccinos, and so forth. Every one of the coffee based beverages will be offered with entire, skimmed, or soy milk. Every one of these espresso drinks depends on a ‘shot’ of coffee, which is set up in the coffee machine by constraining warmed water through ground espresso at high pressure.Such coffee shots are joined with steamed milk as well as different added substances like cocoa, caramel, and so forth , to set up the coffee based refreshments. Legitimate arrangement methods are of central significance for such beverages. A minor deviation from the measure of espresso in the shot, the size of the espresso particles, the temperature of milk, and so on , can adversely influence the nature of the readied drink. 3. 2 Sales Literature Two thousand flyers will be dispersed in the contiguous neighborhood, on the University grounds, at the shopping centers and in the chose places of business inside about fourteen days preceding the opening of Java Culture.Subsequently, free postcards with Java Culture support will be printed to build the organization perceivability among the benefactors. Market Analysis Summary U. S. espresso utilization has demonstrated consistent development, with gourmet espresso having the most grounded development. Espresso consumers in the Pacific Northwest are among the most requesting ones. They favor very much fermented gourmet espresso beverages and request extraordinary assistance. Eugene, OR, with its liberal and active masses and long stormy winter, has customarily been an extraordinary spot for espresso establishments.Java Culture will endeavor to manufacture a devoted client base by offering an incredible tasting espresso in a loosening up condition of its café found near the clamoring University of Oregon grounds. 4. 1 Market Segmentation Java Culture will concentrate its showcasi ng exercises on arriving at the University understudies and staff, individuals working in workplaces found near the café and on refined youngsters. Our statistical surveying shows that these are the client bunches that are destined to purchase gourmet espresso products.Since gourmet espresso utilization is general across various pay classifications and for the most part relies upon the degree of advanced education, nearness to the University of Oregon grounds will give access to the focused on client crowd. 4. 2 Target Market Segment Strategy Java Culture will take into account individuals who need to get their day by day cup of incredible tasting espresso in a loosening up air. Such clients shift in age, despite the fact that our area near the University grounds implies that the vast majority of our demographic will be understudies and personnel. Our statistical surveying shows that these are observing clients that float towards better tasting coffee.Furthermore, a great deal of u nderstudies consider cafés to be an advantageous examining or meeting area, where they can peruse or meet with peers without the need to pay fee at the door. For us, this will give an exceptional chance to building a faithful customer base. 4. 2. 1 Market Needs General pattern toward quality among U. S. buyers unquestionably assumes a significant job in the ongoing development in gourmet espresso. Also, such factors as want for little indulgencies, for something progressively fascinating and exceptional, give a decent offering chance to espresso bars.4. 3 Industry Analysis Coffee utilization has indicated a consistent 2. 5% development rate in the United States in the course of the most recent decade. In 1994, absolute deals of espresso were roughly $7. 5 billion with gourmet espresso speaking to 33% (or $2. 5 billion) of that. The retail espresso industry is prospering in the U. S. Pacific Northwest. The neighborhood atmosphere, with a long stormy season, is helpful for the utiliz ation of hot non-mixed refreshments. Simultaneously, sweltering dry summers drive individuals into bistros to arrange frosted drinks.Further, espresso has truly become a piece of the way of life in the Pacific Northwest. Its perceiving espresso consumers are supportive of solid and steady, solid espresso based drinks, which they can devour in a loosening up condition. 4. 3. 1 Competition and Buying Patterns Competition According to the 1997 Oregon Food administration Statistics (NAICS 72), Eugene had 45 built up nibble and non-mixed drink bars (NAICS 722213) with all out s

Language Learning Reflection toward Future Teaching Essay

Language Learning Reflection toward Future Teaching - Essay Example As the report pronounces one of the significant challenges of learning Spanish with an English foundation identifies with the structure of sentences. When learning Spanish, it is reasonable to mindful of the way that linguistic relations and sentence structure in English is to a great extent dependent on the word request. The development of sentences in English fixed rather than the adaptable Spanish language that depends on morphological changes in a sentence. When learning phrases, we were required to utilize a straightforward discourse to finish a discourse. So as to structure the expression effectively and write in Spanish, the writer of the report needed to make correlations between the expressions in Japanese and Korean. This paper focuses on that When learning syntax, the writer noted significant contrasts between the utilization of articles in Spanish and English. Articles in Spanish are situated at certain focuses in the sentence that would some way or another not have an article in English. When Nora was showing articles, I noticed that there are at any rate eight articles in the Spanish language rather than three decisions in the English language. The writer of the report had just taken in the sexual orientation of words in French, the columnist despite everything thought that it was hard. The writer noted significant contrasts between the use of articles in Spanish contrasted with how they are utilized in Korean and Japanese. The serious issues comes from the way that Spanish has a great deal of special cases during the use of language rules, henceforth it is beyond the realm of imagination to all around apply the standards learned.

Current HR Event Term Paper - 1925 Words

Current HR Event (Term Paper Sample) Content: NameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCourseDateCurrent HR EventMarks and Spence is one of the most reputed international companies specializing on outfits. Recently, the company introduced a scheme meant for the motivation of their staffs. The scheme for the recognition of the employees is dubbed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Spotlightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and is intended to help in recognizing the retail staffs that works exceptional in their delivery of services (Paterson 2013). Among other thing introduced are the charity volunteer days and the launching of the wellbeing website (Amadeo 2013)The reward of the scheme is such that it is progressive in manner based on instant bronze, silver, and gold cards representing the prizes. There are also ipods, wine selection, and watches, the beauty with the scheme is that the reward can be exchanged for rewards of choices as given in the catalogue (Paterson 2013). The scheme is also divided in to three spheres; monthly, those that are given for the à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‹Å"star of the monthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ at the level of the store, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"star of the quarterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬, for the regional level and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"star of the yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ for the national level (Madden 2013).Following the launch of the scheme, the reward manager at the Marks and Spencer Company, Darren McCabe confirmed that the company has reached the improvement in the reward to ensure that those with exceptional contribution are rewarded accordingly. With regard to the value of the scheme, the manager informed that they intend to raise the money through à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"charity challengeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ that envisage to raise about  £ 1 million within the first 100 days of the launch (Paterson 2013).

Does Machiavelli Reduce Politics to Force - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2797 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Philosophy Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In this essay, I assess whether Machiavelli reduces politics to force.   To construct a response to this, it is necessary to explore what force means, since force is a philosophically weak concept.   In order to understand force as a philosophical concept, we need to separate the concepts of authority and power.   With a clear concept of what we mean by power and how it differs from authority, it becomes possible to discuss whether Machiavelli reduces politics to force.   Once the concepts of power and authority are clearly differentiated, the question becomes does Machiavelli reduce politics to force, where force is equated to power, or does Machiavelli rest politics on authority. In this essay, I argue that, despite Skinners attempts to re-habilitate Machiavelli and re-construct Machiavelli as a defender of liberty, Machiavelli does not rest power and politics on authority.   Instead, Machiavelli argues that power should be utilised for the purpose of the common good.   For Machiavelli, political necessity allows for incursions on liberty and the use of power, rather than authority.   Femia is alive to the implications of the dark, authoritarian and militaristic element in Machiavellis writings (Femia, 2004, p.15); and, in this essay, I argue that this should not be overlooked. Goodwin argues that attempting to distinguish rigorously between power and authority is ultimately doomed to failure (Goodwin, 1997, p.314).   However, she argues that the distinction between power and authority has exercised many philosophers, who feel there should be a sharp demarcation between the two (Goodwin, 1997, p.306).   Whilst a sharp demarcation may not be possible, Goodwin does separate the two.   She argues that power is the ability to cause someone to act in a way which she would not choose, [if] left to herself (Goodwin, 1997, p. 307).   This can, obviously, oc cur in a number of ways, including threats and violence, but also through persuasion, propaganda and advertising.   However, authority Goodwin argues, has a basis in law; a government has authority if it has legal validity (Goodwin, 1997). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Does Machiavelli Reduce Politics to Force?" essay for you Create order A sharp distinction between power and authority may not be possible, and it may be made to see the concepts on sliding scale, with illegitimate power on oneside, and legitimate authority on the other side, with much in-between.  Ãƒâ€š This separation between power and authority is fundamental to this essay, as it is important to understand whether Machiavelli argues that politics ought to rest on authority or whether it can be reduced to maintaining power.   Therefore, in an attempt to summarise the demarcation between power and authority, I once more return to Goodwin, who says the individual defers to authorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [but] yields to power (Goodwin, 1997, p.313).   If Machiavelli reduces politics to force/power, his concern is that people must yield to the government; whereas, if Machiavelli argues that politics ought to rest on authority, his concern would be that the people deferred to the government, and recognised its legal legitimacy. Machiav ellis political philosophy is more complex than the often one-dimensional interpretation of Machiavelli as a self-serving manipulator, promoter of immorality and defender of tyranny.   In contrast to the one-dimensional view of Machiavelli which implies that he reduces politics to the maintenance of power and a justification of tyranny, Machiavelli is a defender of a certain kind of liberty.   However, Machiavellis concept of liberty is about the liberty of the state or the Government.   He argues that in order for the people to be free, they must live a free state à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a state free from external servitude.   Machiavellis concept of liberty prioritises the state in the relationship between the individual and the state: it is not the well-being of individuals that makes cities great, but the well-being of the community (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book II, Discourse 2).   For Machiavelli, it is not the individual that is important, bu t the community or the state.   Therefore, the individual must yield to the will of the state for the liberty and well-being of the common good. In his interpretation of Machiavellis thought, Skinner emphasises the importance of the free state; and crucially, he stresses the seriousness of the metaphor of the body politic to neo-roman thought, which meant that Machiavelli could not conceive of a free individual without a free state.   This is only one of many interpretations of Machiavelli, and is not objective as it is underpins Skinners thesis that liberty was an important concept to Machiavelli.   Machiavelli defines the free state as one that is removed from any kind of external servitude (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book I, Discourse 2).   Skinner expands this by relating it to the concept of the body politic, where, just as individual human bodies are freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ only if they are able to act or forbear from acting at will, so the bodies of nations and states are likewise freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ only if they are similarly unconstrained from using their powers according to their own wills (Skinner, 1998, p.25).   Skinners elaboration means that a state is only free, when it follows the collective will of the people, and thereby, liberty is equated to self-government, so a free state is defined as a community independent of any authority save that of the community itself (Skinner, 1981, p.52).   Machiavelli stridently defends the free state, arguing that history reveals the harm that servitude has done to people and citiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [as they] have never increased either in dominion or wealth, unless they have been independent (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book II, Discourse 2).   This underpins Machiavellis perennial fear that freedom is fragile and liberty could succumb to external conquest or internal tyranny. Skinner pursues this notion, and argues that overt coercion is not necessary for a state to be in a condition of slavery: if the maintenance of civil liberty is dependent upon the good will of arbitrary power, then the individual is already living as a slave (Skinner, 1998).   This is a rational consequence of Machiavellis bleak interpretation of human nature, where men do not promote the common good i.e. the preservation of the states liberty.   Machiavelli argues that humans are: self motivated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" men never do good unless necessity drives them (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book I, Discourse 3); bellicose à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" security for man is impossible unless it be conjoined with power (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book I, Discourse 1); fickle and untrustworthy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they will not keep their promises (Machiavelli, The Prince: Chapter XVIII); pusillanimous à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" when the state needs its citizens, few are to be found (Machiavelli, The Prince: Chapter IX).   These attributes are a hindrance to a state that is trying to preserve its ability to enact the collective will without constraint.   Therefore, liberty requires overcoming mens selfish inclination, so they can be fit to govern themselves, and this involves engaging in activities which are conducive to human flourishing (Skinner, 1990).   Given that it is contrary to mens natural inclinations to pursue the common good, it seems that this involves yielding to the power of the state.   Skinners eloquent term human flourishing describes the need to imbue each citizen with a sense of civic virtÃÆ' ¹, which is essentially, a public-spirited ethos, whereby the individual commits a great deal of time and energy to participating in the affairs of the state, and maintaining a vigilance to safeguard its freedom.   Skinner admits that civic virtÃÆ' ¹ requires placing the good of the community above all private interests and ordinary considerations of morality (Skinner, 1981, p.54). Machiavellis political philosophy rests on valuing the public sphere, with a resulting dismissive attitude toward the private sphere.   Thus, the citizens of the state are required to yield to the power of the state, and to relinquish their individual liberty, if it is perceived to be in the common good.   Machiavelli praises Rome where those who worked through the public sphere were honoured, but those working through private means were condemned and prosecuted (Machiavelli, The Discourses).   Machiavelli argues that a sense of duty to the community, which entails sacrificing the legitimacy of the private sphere, does not curtail liberty but preserve it, as civic virtÃÆ' ¹ is essential to ensuring the state is not constrained from acting upon its own will.   He quotes, (possibly apocryphally) from ancient history: they rebelled because when peace means servitude it is more intolerable to free men than war (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book III, Discourse 44), whi ch appeals to Machiavellis doctrine of public-spiritedness, and his promotion of the well-being of the community. Machiavelli promotes the ideals of republicanism, and republican liberty, which entails a need to safeguard the state against internal tyranny, through citizens that are active, vigilant, and participate in the daily running of the community to ensure that the state is not subjected to the caprices of a minority; and that, instead, the community seeks the public interest.   Machiavelli criticises the consequences of internal tyranny with empirical reference to the greatness attained by Athens, once liberated from the tyranny of Pisistratusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. [and] the greatness which Rome attained after freeing itself from its Kings (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book II, Discourse 2).   Thus, Machiavelli can be read as a defender of liberty by citing his belief that the conflict between the nobles and plebs was the primary reason Rome maintained her fr eedom (Machiavelli, The Discourses), and his assertion that a Monarchs interests are usually harmful to the city (Machiavelli, The Discourses).   This interpretation of Machiavelli shows that he does not unambiguously reduce politics to the use of force and power.   Instead, he argues that politics rests on the order of a well-structured government.   However, for Machiavelli, a well-structured government and political authority are not necessarily synonymous, since he argues that political order may require the use of force and the wielding of power by a powerful leader. Machiavellis writings are littered with references to his love for strong leadership e.g. dictatorship was always useful in Rome (Machiavelli, The Discourses), or his defence of a Princes cruelty to keep his subjects united and loyal, as men are wretched and will pursue their own interest, unless they fear punishment (Machiavelli, The Prince).   There are clearly elements of Machiavel lis writings that support the idea of the free state and a certain concept of liberty; for instance, he argues that experience shows that cities have never increased in dominion or riches except while they have been at liberty (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book II, Discourse 2).   This allows Skinner to construct Machiavelli as a defender of liberty, by arguing that what Machiavelli primarily has in mind in laying so much emphasis on liberty is that a city bent on greatness must remain free from all forms of political servitude (Skinner, 1981, p.58).   Skinners reading of Machiavelli suggests that Machiavelli did not reduce politics to force and power; and that, instead, Machiavelli rested politics on political authority.   However, this re-habilitating of Machiavelli by Skinner overlooks a number of passages in Machiavellis writing that show he clearly was prepared to allow force and power to be used without linking it to authority. Femia takes the view that Machiavelli was not a defender of liberty, and did not place authority at the heart of politics.   Femia concludes that Machiavellis political thought can be characterised by the belief that we cannot draw a sharp line between moral virtue and moral vice: the two things often change place.   Fair is foul and foul is fair (Femia, 2004, p.11).   For Machiavelli, it is the state that is important, and the individuals liberty can be subjected to power and force in order for the good of the city to prevail.   Machiavelli eradicates the private sphere, which allows Femia to draw a parallel between Machiavellis concept of freedom and fascists who also argue that freedom comes through participating in a great wholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and] nothing to do with limiting the states autonomy (Femia, 2004, p.8).   Machiavelli primary concern is maintaining political order, and his advice in The Prince often seems to be more about maintaining power, than establishin g authority.   In places, Machiavellis advice is brutal, and seems unambiguously to promote the exercise of force for the purposes of maintaining power. Machiavelli shows no regard for individual liberties, and allows The State to trample over its citizens when force and power are necessary, arguing that it should be noted that one must either pamper or do away with men, because they will avenge themselves for minor offences while for more serious ones they cannot (Machiavelli, The Prince: Chapter III).   This brutal, cynical observation is an instance of Machiavellis realism.   Such cynical realistic observations do not, in themselves, prove that Machiavelli reduces politics to force and power.   It is possible to argue that Machiavellis observation accurately observes politics, and he is simply drawing the reader to an important piece of wisdom about human nature.   However, this does not seem to be Machiavellis motivation.   He is not merely observing brutal realism, but appears to be advocating its application.   He argues that those the ruler hurts, being dispersed and poor, can never be a threat to him, and all others remain on the one hand unharmedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and on the other afraid of making a mistake, for fear that what happened to those who were dispossessed might happen to them (Machiavelli, The Prince: Chapter III).   The important word here is fear.   The people fear the ruler, and so obey.   This does not imply that the ruler that governs by authority. Instead, the implication is that the ruler holds power through force. Despite the ruthless, brutal and cynical methods that Machiavelli appears to advocate, it is important not to misread Machiavelli as someone who advocates force and violence merely for the sake of power.   Machiavelli is concerned with The Common Good, and thus he argues that the exercise of force à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" raw power à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is only justified if it is exercised in pursuit of The Common Good.   Or, more simply, the ends justify the means.   Machiavelli does not advocate raw power, per se; instead, he argues that if the ends are good, then the use of force is justified.   This blurring of the common good and the use of power to promote it is evident when he argues that a prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal; for with a very few examples of cruelty he will be more compassionate than those who, out of excessive mercy, permit disorders to continueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ for these usually harm the community at large (Machiavelli, The Prince: Chapter XVII).   This, however, exposes the paradox in Machiavellis thought, where cruelty is justified by the ends.   The problem is that Machiavellis initial concern is about holding power to prevent disobedience and disorder.   It is possible that this exercis ing of power may shift, and become authority; but, in its first instance, politics is about maintaining power. Machiavelli was a Renaissance writer; and, therefore, the differentiation between power and authority that Goodwin discussed had not become a part of political philosophy.   Therefore, to argue that Machiavelli did not seek political authority, but power, would be a mis-representation, as these concepts were not available to him.   However, for Machiavelli, political necessity dominates, and in a realist vein, he allows for incursions on liberty and the use of force and even cruelty to hold power.   Ultimately, he seeks authority in the common good, and this justifies whatever methods are used to hold on to power. Machiavelli doesnt simply reduce politics to force, since force is used to pursue the common good.   However, Machiavelli is not concerned with the individual citizen, since he does not differentiate between the public and private realms.   Thus, Machiavelli is not concerned with individual liberty and individuals rights: when the private person may be the loserà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ there are so many who benefit thereby that the common good can be realized in spite of those few who suffer in consequence (Machiavelli, The Discourses: Book II, Discourse 2).   Without a clear separation of public and private, and between legitimate authority and illegitimate power, the common good can become the arbitrary will of the ruler.   The arbitrary will of a ruler à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" even one that is seeking to promote the common good à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" leaves politics very open to the use of force to maintain power, in the name of common good.   This notion of the use of force to maintain power is quite different from the use of force by a Government that governs through authority, under the rule of law. Bibliography Femia, J (2004) Machiavelli and Italian Fascism, History of Political Thought, Volume 25, Issue 1, pp. 1-15 Goodwin, B (1997) Using Political Ideas (4th edition), John Wiley Sons, Chichester Machiavelli, N (1984) The Prince (Edited, Introduced and Translated by P Bondanella and M Musa) Oxford University Press, Oxford Machiavelli, N (1998) The Discourses (Edited, Introduced, Revised and Translated by B Crick, L Walker and B Richardson) Penguin Classics, London Skinner, Q (1981) Machiavelli, Oxford University Press, Oxford Skinner, Q (1990) The republican ideal of political liberty in Bock, G Skinner, Q Viroli, M (editors) Machiavelli and Republicanism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 293-310 Skinner, Q (1998) Liberty Before Liberalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

The Issue Of Academic Dishonesty - 1416 Words

Technology is rapidly evolving and changing nowadays. As a result of the increasing availability and propagation of several forms of technology, academic dishonesty cases in every college and university have greatly multiplied and become a global issue. The issue on cheating behaviors in students is so pervasive and uncontrollable that it is almost considered as commonplace (Arhin Jones, 2009). One of the hardest challenges for educators is knowing how and when to discipline their students. In the given scenario, there are several issues to take into account; the first and foremost being the issue of academic dishonesty. â€Å"Academic dishonesty is defined by the Webster dictionary as the intentional participation in†¦show more content†¦Discussion of Legal Issues The first step in handling academic dishonesty issues is to determine if academic dishonesty really took place. Faucher Caves (2009) describe that academic dishonesty can be classified into three primary domains including: 1) taking, giving, or receiving information from others; 2) use of forbidden materials or information; 3) circumventing the process of assessment. In this circumstance, the student may have committed two of the three domains. If the student used her cellphone to text another person and asked him/her something about the exam, then she is receiving information from others, which falls under the first domain. If she used her cellphone to look up for answers on the internet or retrieve information she might have stored on her cellphone, then she is using forbidden materials or information, which falls under the second domain. If indeed it is found out that the student did use her cellphone to cheat on the exam, then disciplinary action must be imposed, but it must be taken the legal way in order to protect the educator from any legal retaliation. This brings up two secondary issues related to academic dishonesty which include students’ right to privacy and protecting the whistleblower. In the situation provided, the student was not directly caught cheating, rather, a second party reported the

The Power of Photographs free essay sample

Photographs have always been my family’s favorite way to reminisce about fond memories. The collection of them shows how much we have grown, shows how we have overcome many obstacles of life, and most importantly shows how much we care about one another. Even though there may be a numerous amount of them, photographs are truly irreplaceable objects that can help us travel back to another time and place emotionally. One of my favorite pictures is from when my siblings and I were younger, getting ready for church on Easter Sunday. My sister and I had large grins on our faces, as we were excited to have our picture taken. However, my brother showed an angry expression on his face, as if taking a family picture would be the end of him. It’s shocking to see how much my siblings and I have changed over the past few years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of Photographs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have all clearly grown in height and weight, and we have all developed our own individual styles instead of looking like our parents clearly picked out our outfits for the day. We all seem to have matured, as we no longer fight about meaningless factors of life anymore. Still, photos show parts of family dynamics that are universal, since my siblings and I look like we’re arguing. However, we still all look like we are happy to be with each other even though we weren’t getting along at the time. Another one of my favorite pictures is a picture from my great grandmother’s funeral. The picture had been taken right after calling hours, after we had all finally stopped crying. Even though the picture was taken at a time that was depressing for all of us, we all were together, and that’s what we all considered to be most important at the time. We all realized that even though it was sad that my great grandmother was no longer with us, we could still celebrate her life and the time we spent with her, as well as celebrating each other and cherishing the family members that were still alive and well. I remember a photo from when my cousin and I were toddlers. We were seated on my now dead great grandmother’s lap in the living room of my grandparent’s house. In the picture I was hugging him around the neck because I wanted him to come closer to me so I embrace him. However, in the end result of the photograph it looked more like I was trying to choke my cousin instead of give a loving hug. Despite the fact that I thought I was being a good cousin by physically showing my love to my cousin, sometimes other methods are more effective. Even though we may have uncomfortable moments with each other from time to time, we still care about each other very much and want other people to know that we care about each other and know that we are lucky to have a caring and supportive family dynamic. Photographs are my family’s way of emotionally traveling back in time because photographs often show how much we have grown, show how we have overcome many obstacles of life, and most importantly show how much we care about one another. Even though not all memories linked to photographs are good ones, we wouldn’t trade the memories we have together for anything. Every photograph and memory are important to each individual’s life, helping to show our uniqueness and life values. Most importantly, photographs can help us realize what we used to be, what we are, and what we can become as individuals.